Scientists have built the world's largest computer chip — a behemoth packed with 4 trillion transistors. The massive chip will one day be used to run a monstrously powerful artificial intelligence (AI) supercomputer, its makers say.

The new Wafer Scale Engine 3 (WSE-3) is the third generation of the supercomputing company Cerebras' platform designed to power AI systems, such as OpenAI's GPT-4 and Anthropic's Claude 3 Opus.

The chip, which includes 900,000 AI cores, is composed of a silicon wafer measuring 8.5 by 8.5 inches (21.5 by 21.5 centimeters) — just like its 2021 predecessor the WSE-2.

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The new chip uses the same amount of power as its predecessor but is twice as powerful, company representatives said in a press release. The previous chip, by contrast, included 2.6 trillion transistors and 850,000 AI cores — meaning the company has roughly adhered to Moore's Law, which states that the number of transistors in a computer chip roughly doubles every two years.

In comparison, one of the most powerful chips currently used to train AI models is the Nvidia H200 graphics processing unit (GPU). Yet Nvidia's monster GPU has a paltry 80 billion transistors, 57-fold less than Cerebras'.

The WSE-3 chip will one day be used to power the Condor Galaxy 3 supercomputer, which will be based in Dallas, Texas, company representatives said in a separate statement released March 13.

The Condor Galaxy 3 supercomputer, which is under construction, will be made up of 64 Cerebras CS-3 AI system "building blocks" that are powered by the WSE-3 chip. When stitched together and activated, the entire system will produce 8 exaFLOPs of computing power.

Then, when combined with the Condor Galaxy 1 and Condor Galaxy 2 systems, the entire network will reach a total of 16 exaFLOPs.

(Floating-point operations per second (FLOPs) is a measurement that calculates the numerical computing performance of a system — where 1 exaFLOP is one quintillion (1018) FLOPs.)

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By contrast, the most powerful supercomputer in the world right now is Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Frontier supercomputer, which generates roughly 1 exaFLOP of power.

The Condor Galaxy 3 supercomputer will be used to train future AI systems that are up to 10 times bigger than GPT-4 or Google's Gemini, company representatives said. GPT-4, for instance, uses around 1.76 trillion variables (known as parameters) to train the system, according to a rumored leak; the Condor Galaxy 3 could handle AI systems with around 24 trillion parameters.